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Pheromone traps can detect the arrival of pests or alert foresters to outbreaks. For example, the spruce budworm, a destructive pest of spruce and balsam fir, has been monitored using pheromone traps in Canadian forests for several decades.22 In certain regions, such as New Brunswick, areas of forest are sprayed with pesticide to control the budworm population and prevent the harm caused during outbreaks.23.

Many unwelcome animals visit or create their house in residential buildings, industrial sites and urban places. Some contaminate foodstuffs, damage structural timbers, chew through fabrics or infest stored dry products. Some inflict great economic loss, others take diseases or cause fire dangers, and a few are only a nuisance. Control of these pests has been tried by improving sanitation and trash control, modifying the habitat, and using repellents, growth regulators, traps, baits and pesticides.24.

Physical pest control involves trapping or killing pests such as insects and rodents. Historically, local people or compensated rat-catchers caught and murdered rodents using dogs and seals.25 On a national scale, sticky flypapers are utilized to trap flies. In larger buildings, insects might be trapped using such means as pheromones, synthetic volatile chemicals or ultraviolet light to attract the insects; a few have a sticky base or an electrically charged grid to kill them.

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Rodents can be killed by suitably baited spring traps and can be captured in cage traps for relocation. Talcum powder or"tracking powder" can be employed to establish routes used by rodents inside buildings and acoustic apparatus can be used for detecting beetles in structural timbers.24.

Historically, firearms have been one of the chief methods used for pest control. "Garden Guns" are smooth bore shotguns specially designed to fire .22 caliber snake taken or 9mm Flobert, and are commonly used by gardeners and farmers such as snakes, rodents, birds, and other insect. Garden Guns are short range weapons that can do little harm beyond 15 to 20 yards, and they're relatively silent when fired with snake shot, when compared with a standard ammunition.

They're also used for pest control at airports, warehouses, stockyards, etc.26.

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The most common shot cartridge is .22 Long Rifle loaded with #12 shot. In a distance of about 10 ft (3 m), which is around the most effective range, the pattern is about 8 inches (20 cm) in diameter from a standard rifle. Particular smoothbore shotguns, like the Marlin Model 25MG can produce effective patterns from 15 or 20 yards using.22 WMR shotshells, which maintain 1/8 oz.

Poisoned bait is a common method for controlling rats, rats, birds, slugs, snails, ants, cockroaches and other pests. The fundamental granules, or alternative formulation, contains a food click site attractant for the target species and a suitable poison. For ants, a slow-acting toxin is needed so the employees have enough time to carry the substance back to the colony, and for flies, a quick-acting substance to prevent additional egg-laying and nuisance.27 Baits for slugs and snails often contain the molluscide metaldehyde, dangerous to children and household pets.28.

Warfarin has traditionally been used to kill rodents, but many populations have developed resistance to the anticoagulant, and difenacoum is often substituted.29 These are cumulative poisons, requiring bait stations to be topped up frequently.27 Poisoned meat has been used for centuries to kill animals like wolves30 and birds of prey.31 Poisoned carcasses nevertheless kill a vast range of carrion feeders, not only the targeted species.30 Raptors in Israel were nearly wiped out following a period of intense poisoning of rats and other crop pests.32.

Fumigation is the treatment of a structure to kill pests like wood-boring beetles by sealing it or surrounding it with an airtight cover such as a tent, and fogging with liquid insecticide for an extended period, normally of 2472 hours. This is costly and inconvenient as the structure cannot be utilized during the treatment, however, it targets all life phases of pests.33.

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An alternative, space treatment, is fogging or misting to distribute a liquid insecticide in the air within a building without evacuation or airtight sealing, allowing most work within the building to continue, in the cost of decreased penetration. Contact insecticides are generally utilized to minimise long lasting residual effects.33

Populations of pest insects can at times be radically reduced by the release of sterile individuals. This involves the mass rearing of a insect, sterilising it by means of X-rays or some other means, and releasing it into a wild population. It's very find this useful where a female only mates once and in which the insect does not spread widely.34 This technique has been successfully used against the New World screw-worm fly, some species of tsetse fly, tropical fruit flies, the pink bollworm and the codling moth, among others.35.